Method and apparatus for inspecting articles of glassware

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for indexing glassware through a series of angularly spaced stations includes first and second arrays of glassware gripping fingers mounted on associated carriers that are rotatable about a common axis, both conjointly and with respect to each other. Each carrier is connected to as associated servo motor, which in turn are connected to a controller for rotating the carriers with respect to each other to grip and release glassware between the fingers, and to rotate the carriers conjointly to index the glassware between apparatus stations. One array of glassware gripping fingers includes coil springs for biasing the fingers toward the fingers of the opposing array for accommodating tolerance variations in the glassware. Drive rollers are located at at least some of the stations, and are pivotal into and out of positions for rotating the containers about their axes for inspection or other purposes.

The present invention is directed to inspection of glassware articles such as glass containers, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for conveying articles of glassware through a series of inspection stations.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the manufacture of glassware, such as glass containers, various anomalies or variations can occur that affect commercial acceptability of the containers. These anomalies, termed “commercial variations,” can involve dimensional characteristics of the container such as at the container finish, surface characteristics that can affect acceptable operation of the container such as surface variations at the container sealing surface, or variations such as stones or checks within the container finish, sidewall or bottom. It is also conventional practice to mold indicia on each container indicative of the mold of origin of the container for inspection and quality control purposes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,493 illustrates a starwheel-type conveyor for accepting containers in sequence from an infeed conveyor and transporting the containers through a series of inspection stations. At at least some of the inspection stations, the container is held in position and rotated about its central axis while being electro-optically inspected for commercial variations and/or mold code. The term “inspection” is used in its broadest sense to encompass any optical, electro-optical, mechanical or electrical observation or engagement with the container to measure or determine a potentially variable characteristic, including but not necessarily limited to mold codes and commercial variations.

It is a general object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for indexing articles of glassware such as glass containers through a series of stations, such as stations at which the containers are to be inspected for commercial variations and/or reading the mold of origin of the containers. Among more specific objects of the invention are to provide such a method and apparatus that are characterized by increased speed of conveyance and therefore increased throughput through the inspection stations, that are versatile and accommodate a wide variety of optical, electro-optical, electrical or mechanical inspection techniques at the individual stations, that accommodate an increased number of inspection stations, preferably including all necessary inspections in a single machine, that provide unobstructed view of the container for increased versatility of electro-optical inspection, and/or that accommodate containers of differing diameter and height.

Apparatus for indexing glassware such as containers through a series of stations, such as electro-optical or mechanical inspection stations, in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention includes first and second circumferential arrays of alternately opposed glassware gripping fingers mounted on associated first and second carriers. The carriers are rotatable on a common axis, with at least one of the carriers being rotatable with respect to the other for moving the fingers of the associated arrays toward and away from each other to grip and release glassware. The carriers are also rotatable conjointly about the common axis to transport each glassware article through the series of stations. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each carrier is coupled to an associated motor for rotation independently with respect to each other and conjointly with each other about the common axis. The first carrier preferably overlies the second carrier and is coupled to its associated motor by a shaft that extends along the common axis. The second carrier preferably is coupled to its associated motor by a sleeve that surrounds the shaft.

Each carrier preferably comprises a central hub coupled to its associated motor and a peripheral portion on which the fingers are mounted. The peripheral portion of each carrier preferably includes an annular rim coupled to the associated hub and a plurality of ring segments removably mounted on the annular rim by quick-release locks. The ring segments have radially outwardly extending legs on which the fingers are mounted, with the legs on the first carrier being interdigitally disposed between the legs on the second carrier so that the fingers of each pair are angularly spaced from each other. The fingers of one array are mounted in fixed position on the associated carrier, while the fingers of the other array are resiliently biased toward the fingers of the one array for accommodating size variations among the articles of glassware. A layer of resilient material preferably is disposed on the glassware-engaging surface of each finger for resiliently engaging the glassware articles while reducing slippage of or damage to the articles.

A drive roller in the preferred embodiment of the invention is disposed for engaging and rotating an article of glassware at at least one of the stations, and a support pad and support roller are disposed at the station for supporting the article of glassware during rotation. A pair of angularly spaced back-up rollers are disposed adjacent to the support pad for holding the article in position while the article is rotated by the drive roller. The back-up rollers may be mounted for adjustment with respect to each other and with respect to the axis of rotation of the carriers for accommodating glassware articles of differing sizes. As an alternative, the back-up rollers may be mounted in fixed position on a roller support base, which may be replaceable for accommodating containers of differing diameter. The drive roller is coupled to an associated electric motor, and preferably is selectively pivotable into and out of engagement with a glassware article at the associated station.

A method of transporting glassware through a series of stations in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention contemplates providing first and second circumferential arrays of alternately opposed glassware gripping fingers, moving at least one of the arrays toward the other for simultaneously gripping articles of glassware at the stations, rotating the first and second arrays simultaneously on a common axis to index glassware between the stations, and then moving at least one of the arrays away from the other to release the articles of glassware at the stations. The stations preferably are disposed at equal angular increments around the common axis of rotation, and the steps of gripping, rotating and releasing the articles are repeated incrementally to convey the articles through the stations. An infeed conveyor preferably is located at one of the stations, and an outfeed conveyor is located at another of the stations for transporting containers to and from the apparatus of the invention. At at least one of the stations, each article of glassware in turn is inspected for commercial variations or for mold of origin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention, together with additional objects, features and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of an apparatus for indexing glassware through a series of stations in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention with portions removed to illustrate details;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 but with portions removed to illustrate details;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the carrier drive unit subassembly in the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of the carrier assembly of FIG. 3 gripping containers for purposes of transport between stations;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a first or upper carrier in the assembly of FIGS. 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a ring segment subassembly in the carrier of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a finger assembly in the carrier of FIGS. 5 and 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the second or lower carrier in the carrier assembly of FIGS. 3 and 4;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a ring segment subassembly in the carrier of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a finger assembly in the carrier of FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view diametrically bisecting the carrier assembly of FIGS. 3 and 4 and illustrating interconnection of the carriers to the drive motors;

FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to that of FIG. 11 but showing the drive roller and carrier subassembly frame movably mounted on the support base of the apparatus;

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the frame and base assembly illustrated in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a fragmentary radially exterior perspective view of a roller drive motor mounting arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 15 is a fragmentary radially exterior perspective view of the glassware support pads and back-up rollers at two stations of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 16 is a radially interior perspective view of the apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is an exterior perspective view of the drive roller mounting arrangement illustrated in FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is an interior perspective view of the drive roller mounting arrangement illustrated in FIG. 17;

FIGS. 19 and 20 are interior and exterior perspective views of one of the drive roller subassemblies in FIGS. 17 and 18;

FIG. 21 is a functional block diagram of the motor and actuator control electronics for the apparatus of FIGS. 1-20;

FIG. 22 is a fragmentary perspective view of a container engaged by drive and back-up rollers at one station of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 23 is a fragmentary perspective view of a container at an inspection station engaged by drive and back-up rollers;

FIG. 24 is a fragmentary perspective view of the container out-feed conveyor in the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 25 is a fragmentary elevational view of carrier drive unit illustrating the carriage position sensors; and

FIG. 26 is a fragmentary extension perspective view of a drive roller subassembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The drawings illustrate an apparatus 30 in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment of the invention for indexing articles of glassware 32, such as glass containers, through a series of stations. These stations preferably are spaced at equal angular increments around a common axis. An infeed conveyor 34, such as an endless belt conveyor, brings containers 32 in sequence to one of the stations. In general, apparatus 30 grips containers 32 as they are presented on infeed conveyor 34, and incrementally transports containers 32 to each station in turn around the apparatus. At at least some of the stations, containers 32 are held in position and rotated about their axes for inspection or other purposes. The containers 32 are ultimately indexed to an outfeed conveyor 35 (FIGS. 13 and 24), to a cullet or reject chute or conveyor for removing containers that did not pass inspection, or to a sampling conveyor or other device for sampling containers from a specific mold, for example. In the preferred implementation of the invention, the containers are subject to inspection for commercial variations at at least some of the stations. Such inspection preferably comprises electro-optical inspection of container dimensional or other characteristics, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,682,802 (finish check detection), U.S. Pat. No. 3,880,750, U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,195 or EP 0961113 (sealing surface inspection), U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,378,493, 4,378,495, 4,584,469, 5,233,186, 5,291,271 or 5,637,864 (container sidewall inspection), or EP 0764846 (container bottom inspection). Successive containers can also be inspected to determine or read the code molded into the container for indicating container mold of origin, as illustrated for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,644,151. Although electro-optical inspection techniques are currently preferred, the apparatus of the invention can also accommodate mechanical inspection techniques, such as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,414,939, in which the container is contacted by one or more rollers or fingers as it is rotated about its axis. Electrical inspection techniques, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,258, are also envisioned.

Referring to the drawings, apparatus 30 includes a base 36 (FIGS. 1, 12 and 13) of heavy construction. A circumferential array of angularly spaced support posts 38 are disposed around the periphery of base 36 and extend upwardly therefrom. Each support post terminates at its upper end in a Y-shaped support bracket 40 (FIG. 15) on which a spaced pair of radially oriented horizontal slides 42 are mounted (FIG. 15). A support 44 is mounted on each slide 42, and a slide pad 46 is mounted by a bracket 45 at the upper end of each support 44. Posts 38 are distributed around the periphery of base 36, and Y-bracket 40 is designed such that slide pads 46 are at equal angular increments around the central axis of apparatus 30. A roller 47 (FIG. 22) is mounted for rotation about a horizontal radial axis beneath each pad 46, and has a surface that extends through a slot in pad 46 for engaging the bottom of a container and supporting the container for rotation about its axis. A pair of free wheeling rollers 48 are carried on associated slides 50 at the upper end of each support 44 (FIGS. 14-16). Slides 50 are slidably mounted on supports 44 such that rollers 48 are adjustable with respect to each other laterally of the axis of apparatus 30. Rollers 48 are disposed above the plane of pad 46 for providing back-up support to containers 32 on pads 46, as will be described. Slides 50 are secured to a rod 52 that is mounted on pad support bracket 45. Pads 46 are thus at equal angular spacing around the central axis of the apparatus and at identical vertical elevation. The positions of pads 46 are adjustable radially of the apparatus axis by means of slides 42, and rollers 48 are adjustable laterally to accommodate containers of differing sizes. As an alternative, rollers 48 may be fixedly disposed on a support 44 a (FIG. 22), which is itself replaceable for accommodating containers of differing diameter. Y-bracket 40 is mounted on post 38 by a vertical dovetail slide 53 for adjusting vertical positions of pads 46.

A lift frame 54 (FIGS. 1, 12 and 13) is mounted on base 36 and is coupled to a linear actuator 56 driven by a rotary electric servo motor 58 (FIG. 12) for controlled vertical motion of frame 54 with respect to base 36. A carrier drive unit or subassembly 60 is mounted on lift frame 54. Carrier drive unit 60 includes a central support 62 (FIGS. 3, 11 and 12) that is mounted on frame 54 (FIG. 12). A first rotary electric servo motor 66 and an associated gearbox 67 are mounted on the underside of support 62, and are coupled to a shaft 68 that extends upwardly through support 62. The axis of rotation of shaft 68 defines the central axis of carrier drive unit 60 and apparatus 30. The upper end of shaft 68 is coupled to a first or upper carrier 70. A second rotary electric servo motor 72 and as associated gearbox 73 are mounted beneath a flange 64 on support 62 laterally offset from the axis of shaft 68. A shaft 74 extends upwardly from motor 72 and gearbox 73 parallel to shaft 68, and is coupled by a pulley 76 and a cogged timing belt 78 to a pulley 80 concentrically surrounding shaft 68. Pulley 80 is secured by clamp rings 82 to a sleeve 84 that is mounted by roller bearings 86 for rotation around shaft 68. The upper end of sleeve 84 is coupled to a second or lower carrier 88. The outer races of roller bearings 86 are secured to support 62. Shaft 68 is supported within sleeve 84 by a roller bearing 93. Thus, first or upper carrier 70 is rotatable about the axis of shaft 68 under control of motor 66 and gearbox 67, while second or lower carrier 88 is rotatable about the axis of shaft 68 (the central axis of apparatus 30) under control of motor 72 and gearbox 73 and independently of rotation of upper carrier 70.

Upper carrier 70 (FIGS. 4-7) includes a carrier base 73 having a central hub 75 and an annular rim 77 coupled to hub 75 by a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially extending spokes 79. Three ring segments or subassemblies 83 are secured around the periphery of rim 77, each by a pair of angularly spaced tapered dovetails 81 and a quick-turn cam clamp 85. Each ring segment 83 comprises an arcuate base 87 from which a plurality (preferably four) angularly spaced legs 89 extend radially outwardly. In the preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings, there are three ring segments 83, each having four radially extending legs 89 that are spaced from each other in equal angular increments both within each segment 83 and among segments 83. A container-gripping finger assembly 91 is secured to the outer end of each leg 89. Each assembly 91 comprises an inverted L-shaped finger 90 having a vertical leg 92 and a pair of spaced parallel horizontal legs 94 interconnected at their outer ends by a bridge 96. Leg 92 is received within a leg housing 98 and is removably secured within the housing by a spring-loaded lock pin 100. Housing 98 is secured by screws 102 to ring segment leg 89 (FIGS. 5 and 6) such that finger assembly 90 extends upwardly therefrom. A layer or coating of resilient elastic material such as polyurethane is provided on the inside surface of each leg 94 adjacent to the radially outer end thereof for engaging containers without damage to the containers and to enhance frictional gripping of the containers, as will be described. In the preferred embodiment, finger legs 92 are non-rotatable within housings 98.

Second or lower carrier 88 (FIGS. 4 and 8-10) includes a base 106 having a central hub 108 and an annular rim 110 interconnected by a plurality of radially extending spokes 112. A plurality of ring segments or subassemblies 114 are mounted around the periphery of rim 110 by angularly spaced tapered dovetails 116 and quick-turn cam clamps 118. Each ring segment 114 includes an arcuate base 120 from which a plurality (preferably four) legs 122 extend radially outwardly. A spring finger assembly 124 is mounted at the outer end of each ring segment leg 122. Each spring finger assembly 124 comprises an inverted L-shaped finger 126 having a vertical leg 128 and a radially outwardly extending horizontal leg 130. A resilient elastic layer or coating 132 is provided on the inside surface of each leg 130 adjacent to the outer end thereof for enhanced frictional gripping of containers without damage to the containers, as will be described. Each vertical leg 128 is received within a housing 134 and non-rotatably removably held within the housing by a spring-loaded lock pin 136. Housing 134 is rotatably mounted ona base 138. Housing 134 and base 138 have opposed arms 140,142, between which a coil spring 144 is captured in compression. Coil spring 144 thus biases finger legs 130 clockwise in FIGS. 4 and 8-10, to accommodate tolerance variations in container diameter.

In assembly, lower carrier 88 is secured to sleeve 84 (FIGS. 11 and 12) such as by fasteners 145 (FIG. 8), and upper carrier 70 is secured to shaft 68 by fasteners 146 (FIGS. 4 and 5) overlying lower carrier 88. The hubs of the respective carriers are secured to sleeve 84 and shaft 68 such that finger assemblies 91 of upper carrier 70 and finger assemblies 124 of lower carrier 88 are interdigitally staggered, as best seen in FIG. 4. Fingers 90 of upper carrier 70 and fingers 126 of lower carrier 88 are dimensioned and adjusted such that each horizontal leg 130 of a finger 126 is disposed vertically between horizontal legs 94 of the opposing finger 90. This promotes stability of containers during transport by the carriers. Elastomeric coatings or layers 104, 132 are circumferentially opposed to each other. The upper and lower carriers thus form a plurality of finger pairs that cooperate with each other, as will be described, to grip and transport containers under control of carrier drive motors 66, 72. These finger pairs are disposed at equal angular increments around the periphery of the carriers. These angular increments are equal in number to and equal in spacing between the stations defined by container support pads 46 and the infeed, outfeed and cullet stations of apparatus 30.

Referring to FIGS. 1-2, 12-14 and 17-18, lift frame 54 includes a peripheral array of support posts 150. A pair of drive roller assemblies 152 are mounted on the upper end of at least some of the support posts 150. Each drive roller assembly 152 comprises a fixed support bracket 154 (FIGS. 17-18) secured by an L-bracket 156 to the upper end of support post 150, and a pivotal support bracket 158 mounted within fixed bracket 154 by a pivot 160. Each fixed bracket 154 is coupled to L-bracket 156 by a dovetail slide 157 and a hand wheel 159 for adjusting the radial position of roller assembly 152. A linear actuator 162, such as a voice coil actuator, is mounted between arms 164, 166 of fixed bracket 154 and pivotal bracket 158 respectively. A coil spring 167 is also captured in compression between bracket arms 164, 166 in parallel with linear actuator 162. Coil spring 167 thus urges pivotal bracket 158 and drive roller 174 into radial engagement with containers 32 at the inspection stations, which spring force must be overcome by actuator 162. A rotary electric servo motor 168 is suspended beneath each fixed bracket 154, and is connected by a flexible coupling 170 to a roller drive shaft 172. A container drive roller 174 is secured to the upper end of each shaft 172, which is rotatably mounted on pivotal bracket 158 by a bearing 176. A pair of circumferentially spaced rollers 180 (FIG. 1) are mounted on a fixed support bracket 182 above at least some of the support pads 46 for engaging and radially supporting the neck or finish of containers 32 as the containers are rotated by drive roller 174.

A pair of proximity sensors 200, 202 (FIGS. 1, 3 and 21) are disposed in fixed position adjacent to the periphery of lower carrier 88. Sensor 200 is responsive to an array of circumferentially spaced fingers or tabs 204 (FIG. 25) on lower carrier 88 to define angularly spaced home positions for lower carrier 88 at each inspection station. Sensor 202 is responsive to a finger 208 (FIG. 25) on lower carrier 88 to reset the machine controller upon each revolution of lower carrier 88. Sensors 200, 202 are mounted in fixed position on a bracket 230 (FIG. 25) secured to central support 62, and thus form part of carrier drive unit 60. Thus, the machine control electronics 184 (FIG. 21) tracks position of lower carrier 88. FIG. 21 illustrates control electronics 184 having outputs connected to upper carriage drive motor 66, lower carriage drive motor 72, drive roller actuators 162, drive roller motors 168 and lift frame motor 58. A switch 185 on base 36 (FIG. 1) is responsive to an arm 186 extending from frames 54 to sense that the frame is in the fully lowered position. Proximity sensors 200, 202 also provide input to control electronics 184. An optical sensor 210 (FIG. 26) is mounted on each drive roller fixed bracket arm 164. A flag 234 is carried at the lower end of each leg 232 for receipt in the associated position sensor 210. Each sensor 210 indicates to control electronics 184 whether the associated drive roller assembly is in the forward position for engaging a container at the associated inspection station, at which the associated flag 234 is clear of the associated sensor 210, or in the retracted position at which the associated flag engages the associated sensor.

FIG. 24 illustrates outfeed conveyor 35 in greater detail. A lower endless belt conveyor 212 and an upper endless belt conveyor 214 are disposed to engage the lower and upper surfaces of a container 32 deposited at the outfeed station by apparatus 30. Conveyors 212, 214 rapidly move containers away 32 from the periphery of apparatus 30 to a position between a pair of laterally opposed endless belt conveyors 216, 218. Conveyors 216, 218 convey containers 32 radially outwardly of apparatus 30 to an endless belt conveyor 220, which transports containers 32 for further processing. An airjet or the like may be disposed adjacent to an edge of conveyor 220 and coupled to control electronics 184 (FIG. 21) for removing from conveyor 220 any containers that do not pass inspection. Conveyor 214, which engages the sealing surface of containers 32 in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 24, may be replaced by laterally opposed conveyors that do not engage the container sealing surface where such feature is desired by a customer. Use of an outfeed conveyor 35, such as that illustrated in FIG. 24, is preferred for rapidly moving containers 32 away from the periphery of apparatus 30, and thereby facilitating high-speed inspection of containers as on the order of three hundred containers per minute.

In operation, carriers 70, 88 cooperate with each other, under the control of motors 66, 72 and control electronics 184 (FIG. 21) to transport sequential containers 32 from infeed conveyor 34 through sequential stations to outfeed conveyor 35. The illustrated embodiment of the invention has twelve pairs of fingers 91, 124 carried by the carriers, and is thus a twelve station apparatus. The first station is at the infeed end of conveyor 34, and the last station would typically be at the end of outfeed conveyor 35. The ten remaining stations preferably are occupied by suitable container inspection devices and systems, such as those illustrated in the several above-noted patents. These inspection systems are not illustrated in the application drawings to facilitate understanding of the transport apparatus that characterizes the present invention. In use, one or more of the inspection stations may be empty, or the inspection system at that station may be wholly or partially deactivated. Vertical positions of frame 54 and rollers 48 are adjusted as a function of container height. Horizontal positions of rollers 48 and drive roller assemblies 152 are adjusted as a function of container diameter.

Motors 66, 72 coupled to carriers 70, 88 are first actuated by control electronics 184 (FIG. 21) to rotate one or both of the carriers toward each other (i.e., counterclockwise for upper carrier 70 and clockwise for lower carrier 88) so as to move fingers 90, 126 toward each other and grip containers 32 at each station between the fingers. In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, it has been found to be advantageous to rotate lower carrier 88, containing the upstream or leading fingers 124, over a greater angular dimension than upper carrier 70 carrying the downstream or trailing fingers 91 when gripping or releasing the containers at the inspection stations. Thus, the angular extent of rotation of the carriers during gripping and releasing of the containers need not be identical, and indeed one of the carriers, in this case the carrier containing the trailing fingers 91, need not be rotated at all. The torque applied to carrier 88 is monitored by monitoring current applied to motor 72. When this torque exceeds a preset level, rotation of the carrier is terminated. When gripping the containers, fingers 124 push containers 32 against fingers 91. The containers roll along the opposing surface of fingers 91 until nested in position at the radial extremity of the fingers and gripped by opposing fingers 124. Resilient layers 104, 132 on fingers 90, 126 facilitate frictional gripping of the containers and reduce damage to the containers. Coil springs 144 associated with fingers 126 accommodate tolerance variations among the containers.

With the containers gripped between the fingers, carriers 70, 88 are simultaneously rotated clockwise by motors 66, 72 over an arc of 30° in the illustrated embodiment of the invention so as to increment the containers to the next stations. At least one of the carriers 70, 88 is then rotated away from the other (i.e., clockwise for carrier 70 and counterclockwise for carrier 88) under control of motors 66, 72 to deposit the containers at the next stations. The amount of rotation to release the containers is preset as a function of container diameter. At the inspection stations, the containers are released onto slide pads 46. Actuators 162 are then actuated by control electronics 184 to pivot container drive rollers 174 into radial engagement with the outside surfaces of the container sidewalls, and motors 168 are actuated to rotate rollers 174 and thereby rotate the containers about their central axes. Pivoting of the drive rollers into radial engagement with the containers pushes the containers into engagement with opposed lower back-up rollers 48 and upper back-up rollers 180 (FIGS. 22 and 23). At this point, the lower end of each container 32 is carried by support roller 47 at slide pad 46 (FIG. 22) to permit free rotation of the container about its axis. Actuators 162 at drive roller assemblies 152 push hard against the container upon initial engagement to rotate the container rapidly up to speed, and then reduce the force of engagement to reduce wear on the drive roller periphery. Actuators 162 then again push hard on containers 32 rapidly to decelerate rotation of the containers after inspection, so that the containers will be stationary when the drive roller assemblies are retracted and the containers are again engaged by the gripping fingers. Coils 162 are thus variably actuated by control electronics 184 during each inspection cycle. During such rotation, the containers are supported by back-up rollers 148 and finish back-up rollers 180 (FIG. 1). As each container is rotated, the inspection apparatus or system at the associated station is activated to inspect the container. At any station at which there is no inspection equipment or the inspection equipment is deactivated, drive roller actuator 162 and motor 168 are not energized. After an amount of time needed to complete the inspection process at each station, the process is repeated to grip the containers, increment the containers to the next stations, release the containers and activate the inspection equipment, etc.

There has thus been disclosed an apparatus and method for indexing glassware, such as containers, through a series of stations, such as container inspection stations, that fully satisfy all of the objects and aims previously set forth, both individually and collectively. A number of modifications and variations have been disclosed. Other modifications and variations will readily suggest themselves to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For example, servo ring motors can be used in place of the servo motor/gearbox coupling arrangements illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12. The invention is intended to encompass all such modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. Apparatus for indexing glassware through a series of stations, comprising: first and second circumferential arrays of alternately opposed glassware gripping fingers, first and second carriers respectively mounting said first and second finger arrays for rotation about a common axis, means for rotating at least one of said carriers with respect to the other for moving the fingers of at least one of said opposed arrays toward and away from the other to grip and release glassware, and means for rotating said carriers conjointly to transport the glassware through the series of stations.
 2. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 further comprising resilient means on said fingers for engaging opposing surface portions of the glassware.
 3. The apparatus set forth in claim 2 wherein said resilient means comprises a layer of resilient material on the glassware-engaging portion of each said finger.
 4. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 comprising a circumferential array of said stations at equal angular increments around said common axis.
 5. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 further comprising an infeed linear conveyor at one of said stations, said rotating means being adapted to transport articles of glassware incrementally from said infeed conveyor sequentially through said stations to an outfeed conveyor disposed at another of said stations.
 6. The apparatus set forth in claim 4 further comprising a sensor operatively coupled to one of said carriers for tracking position of said one of said carriers around said axis.
 7. The apparatus set forth in claim 6 comprising first and second sensors operatively coupled to said one of said carriers, said first sensor being coupled to said one of said carriers for tracking incremental position of said one of said carriers around said axis and said second sensor being coupled to said one of said carriers for tracking each complete revolution of said one of said carriers around said axis.
 8. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein each said carrier comprises a central hub coupled to said rotating means and a peripheral portion on which said fingers are mounted.
 9. The apparatus set forth in claim 8 wherein said peripheral portion of each said carrier includes an annular rim coupled to said hub and at least two ring segments removably mounted on said annular rim, said fingers being mounted on said ring segments.
 10. The apparatus set forth in claim 9 further comprising quick-release locking means releasably mounting said ring segments on said rims.
 11. The apparatus set forth in claim 10 wherein said ring segments have radially outwardly extending legs on which said fingers are mounted, said legs on said first carrier being interdigitally disposed with respect to said legs on said second carrier.
 12. The apparatus set forth in claim 8 further comprising means releasably mounting each said finger on its associated carrier.
 13. The apparatus set forth in claim 12 further comprising means mounting said fingers of said second array on said second carrier and resiliently urging said fingers of said second array toward the associated fingers of the first array for accommodating size variations among articles of glassware.
 14. The apparatus set forth in claim 13 wherein said finger-mounting means comprises a finger housing pivotally mounting each finger of said second array to said second carrier, and a coil spring resiliently coupled to each said finger housing for urging said fingers of said second array toward said fingers of said first array.
 15. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for rotating said carriers conjointly comprises means for rotating said carriers conjointly about said common axis.
 16. The apparatus set forth in claim 15 wherein said means for rotating at least one of said carriers with respect to the other comprises means for rotating both of said carriers with respect to each other about said common axis.
 17. The apparatus set forth in claim 15 wherein said means for rotating at least one of said carriers with respect to the other comprises an electric motor.
 18. The apparatus set forth in claim 15 wherein said means for rotating at least one of said carriers with respect to the other and said means for rotating said carriers conjointly together comprise first and second electric motors respectively coupled to said first and second carriers.
 19. The apparatus set forth in claim 18 wherein said first and second motors comprise rotary electric servo motors.
 20. The apparatus set forth in claim 18 wherein said first carrier overlies said second carrier, wherein first motor is coupled to said first carrier by a shaft that extends along said common axis, and wherein said second motor is coupled to said second carrier by a sleeve that surrounds said shaft.
 21. The apparatus set forth in claim 20 further comprising a first gearbox directly coupling said first motor to said shaft, and a second gearbox and a drive belt coupling said second motor to said sleeve.
 22. The apparatus set forth in claim 1 further comprising a drive roller for engaging and rotating an article of glassware at at least one of said stations, glassware support means at said at least one station for supporting the article of glassware during rotation, and a pair of angularly spaced back-up rollers adjacent to said support means for holding the article in position while the article is rotated by said drive roller.
 23. The apparatus set forth in claim 22 further comprising means for adjusting location of each said pair of back-up rollers with respect to said carriers.
 24. The apparatus set forth in claim 22 wherein said glassware support means comprises a roller for supporting the article of glassware during rotation about its axis.
 25. The apparatus set forth in claim 22 further comprising a base on which said pads and carriers are mounted, a frame on which said drive roller and said carriers are mounted, and means for moving said frame vertically with respect to said base.
 26. The apparatus set forth in claim 22 further comprising means for adjusting location of said back-up rollers of each pair with respect to each other.
 27. The apparatus set forth in claim 26 wherein said back-up rollers are mounted on respective first slides, and said adjusting means comprises means for adjusting said slides toward and away from each other to accommodate glassware articles of differing diameters.
 28. The apparatus set forth in claim 27 further comprising a second slide on which said first slides are mounted for adjusting position of said first slides radially with respect to said common axis.
 29. The apparatus set forth in claim 22 further comprising a rotary electric motor coupled to said drive roller.
 30. The apparatus set forth in claim 29 wherein said rotary electric motor comprises a servo motor.
 31. The apparatus set forth in claim 29 further comprising means for pivoting said drive roller into and out of position for engagement with an article of glassware.
 32. The apparatus set forth in claim 31 comprising a pair of said support pads at adjacent stations of said apparatus, and a pair of said drive rollers, associated motors and means for pivoting said drive rollers and motors conjointly into and out of engagement with glassware articles at said adjacent stations.
 33. The apparatus set forth in claim 31 wherein said means for pivoting said drive roller comprises a fixed bracket carrying said rotary electric motor, a pivotal bracket carrying said drive roller, and a flexible coupling connecting said drive roller to said motor.
 34. The apparatus set forth in claim 33 wherein said means for pivoting said drive roller further comprises an actuator carried by said fixed bracket and operatively coupled to said pivotal bracket.
 35. The apparatus set forth in claim 34 wherein said means for pivoting said drive roller further comprises a coil spring captured in compression between said fixed and pivotal brackets in parallel with said actuator.
 36. The apparatus set forth in claim 34 wherein said means for pivoting said drive roller further comprises means for variably actuating said actuator to control force of engagement of said drive roller with a container.
 37. The apparatus set forth in claim 34 wherein said means for pivoting said drive roller comprises a sensor for indicating whether said drive roller is pivoted into or out of position for engagement with an article of glassware. 